Juicy apple Golden Delicious came to us from far North Americawhen randomly breeders have grown an apple tree of a previously unknown variety.
Fragrant yellow apples are enjoyed by many gourmets. Now, without this variety, it is difficult to imagine the storefront of the fruit department of the store.
Golden delights had to taste and in our latitudes and year-round pleases consumers "golden" apples.
What kind is it?
Variety Golden Delicious treats to winter look of apples.
This variety has a distinctive positive trait - long storage apples.
This preserves all the external and taste properties of the fruit.
Therefore, this apple can be bought all year round, even in summer, when the new crop is still ripening.
Winter varieties also include Belarussian Crimson, Bratchud, Bolotovsky, Aport and Aphrodite.
Description varieties Golden Delicious
Consider separately the appearance of the apple and the fruit itself.
The height of the tree reaches medium sized. The trunk of the apple tree is covered with dark blue bark.
The crown of the tree itself is painted in a dark green color and has a cone-shaped shape that reminds many gardeners semblance of a pyramid.
Apple crown thick and branched. Since the variety is Golden Delicious quite prolificthen over the years the crop crown becomes sprawling and spherical shape.
Apple leaves are bright green color are oval. On the leaves themselves are clearly visible brown veins. The surface of the leaves is "mirror", I mean glossy, and the edges are jagged.
Inflorescences of small size, like a saucer, have white color mixed with pinkish streaks.
The fruits of this sort of apple are medium in size, have roundedin places conical shape.
On average, the weight of one fruit is 150-200 grams.
The apple itself is covered with a dense, dry peel of a golden or bright yellow shade, on the surface of which light black or brown blotches can appear.
Fruits located on the south side crowns may be purchased slightly reddish.
The seeds of the fruit are small brown. The flesh of the apple is slightly greenish, juicy and sweet to the taste.
The following varieties can also boast with juicy and tasty fruits: Orlovsky pioneer, Ekranny, Bolshoy Narodnoe, Orlinka and Aromatny.
Breeding history
Sort Golden was open in 1890 in North America. At this time, in one of the states, an American breeder from an unknown sapling grew an apple tree, which differed in fertility and taste from other apple trees.
Gardeners could not get enough of all the positive qualities of this variety and began to grow massively, and for the sugar taste of fruits this variety got its name "golden and superb."
Over time, Golden Delicious became known both in Europe and in Russia. And as one, gardeners admired him. high yield and disease resistance.
Resistance to diseases is also demonstrated by Oryol Polesye, Cinnamon Novy, Pavlusha and Altai Ruddy.
Natural growth region
A minor disadvantage of this variety is low resistance to low temperatures, and, as a result, its main growing region is south.
This variety is actively grown in the southern regions of Russia.
Adaptation to other regions is going well, but gardeners can not always count on a big harvest.
As a rule, the harvest is small-fruited, and the fruits themselves lose their juiciness.
Apple trees planted in high humidity regionssuffer from a disease like powdery mildew.
Yield
Golden Delicious has an average fruit ripening period. Crop harvested once a year. Peak gathering accounted for at the end of September.
First fruits This variety gives already in the second year of landing. The volume from one tree reaches 65 kilogramand in fertile territories it reaches 80 kilogram.
For the first 7 years of the growing season, the tree produces many fruits., and then fertility depends on weather and climate. At the age of ten years, the average yield 230 quintals per hectare.
The main advantages are:
- High fecundity;
- Resistance to storage;
- Early fruit harvesting;
- High transportability.
Large varieties of apple trees are also able to please such varieties: Veteran, Kuibyshev, Winter Beauty, Marat Busurin and Kandil Orlovsky.
Planting and care
When planting any fruit tree, it is necessary to take into account such factors as the right time and place. This is a guarantee that your apple tree will bear fruit well and will delight you with its fruits.
Plays an important role and Seedling preparation for planting Watch this video.
Golden deli varieties are recommended for planting. semi-dwarf stock according to the 4 × 4 m scheme
Before planting, the gardener must measure ground water level, as the yield depends on the development of the roots of the tree.
This variety is recommended to plant with groundwater level 2, 5 meters.
In the southern regions landing is done at the beginning and end of October, and in northern begin to land in the middle April.
The size of the pit for seedlings should be 100x100x80 cm
The pit is recommended to prepare approximately one month before plantingso that the fertilized soil has time to settle.
Excavated land fertilized superphosphate, ash and potassium.
If the gardener prepares the pit directly just before planting, fertilizer should not be applied!
Recommended add layers fertilized soil interspersed with excavated soil.
After landing you need to land pour water abundantly and, if necessary, pour the soil.
Young apple trees this variety unlike mature apple trees need careful care. In the first two years it is necessary to regularly water and remove weeds.
Watering is recommended at least once a month. In dry climates, the frequency of irrigation can be from two times a month to weekly irrigation of the soil with soil. During flowering to land the land can not be!
Young apple trees for the winter period is required to wrap spruce branches. The crown Golden Delicious needs special care.
Required cut off the strongly growing branches, and vertical branches are subject to removal. It is necessary to cut some last year’s branches.
The gardener must ensure that with the maturation of the apple tree itself, the crown will acquire a spherical shape. In the first year apple blossoms should pick flowersso as not to deplete the tree with fruits.
Young apple tree in the first two years of life is required to tie up to a peg. And, of course, do not forget about feeding the tree.
In early spring, the best feeding will be urea solution, but for summer fertilizers are suitable, which will include sodium, eg, Sodium humate. The tree trunk must be treated for diseases and unwanted pests.
Variety Golden Delicious needs pollinators because it is barren itself.
The best pollinators for this variety are: Melrose, Jonathan, Delishes and Kuban spur, Idared.
These pollinators are best planted in radius of 500 meters from Golden delishes.
Diseases and pests
Golden Delicious is prone to diseases like scab, powdery mildew. Also this variety is different low resistance to drought and severe frosts.
The main pests are leafworm, green aphid, apple mite, apple flower beetle.
- To combat powdery mildew the tree is sprayed with a preparation like Topaz. After flowering, the tree is treated with copper chloride;
To combat scab the apple tree is sprayed Topaz and colloidal sulfur solution;- To protect against green aphids apply the solution Malathion;
- To apple mite do not spoil the "life" of the apple tree is necessary to tear off the old bark and spray karbofos solution;
- Fight against leafworm begin in early spring and spray the wood with a mortar 3% nitrofen.
To combat scab the apple tree is sprayed Topaz and colloidal sulfur solution;For information on what preventive measures will help against the codling moth, the fruit stalk, silkworms, haws and the mining moth, see separate articles on our website.
Having got acquainted closer with Golden delights and having learned all the nuances of planting and caring for this variety, you can not be afraid to risk becoming a gardener of this golden and excellent apple in every sense, which will please the owner with its aroma and juicy taste.
