Wanting to create an unsurpassed rose garden on their site, many are in constant search for a luxurious flower of deep purple-violet tones. Such is the rose of the English selection "Falstaff". Its peculiarity is a combination of subtle form and rich aroma of bright velvety petals. For rosewood this is a real find, an example of a successful tandem of unique beauty and simultaneous ease of growing, endurance to cold, disease and pests.
Inference history
Every year, the flower market is replenished with new varieties of English roses, commonly known as "wines". 
Their creator is a simple farmer David Austin from Albion, who today represents a large company for the cultivation of rose bushes. As conceived by the breeder, each new hybrid must exceed the previous one. Over the entire period of its activity, the zealous rose grower has produced about 200 varieties of beautiful flowers, giving them out in small portions of 5-6 per year.
Austin roses are also attributed to English roses.
The botanists do not single out English roses as a separate group, but unanimously note their high resistance to an unfavorable climate and immunity from common pathogens, fungi and harmful insects.
Did you know? There are no people around the globe who would not worship roses. The Muslims regarded these tender flowers as a gift from God and never allowed the petals falling to the floor to touch their feet. It was believed that a person is not worthy of such honor. But the famous Egyptian queen Cleopatra went down in history not only as an indescribable beauty, but also as a zealous lover of rose petals. With them she always thickly covered the floor of the banquet halls and even the sea during a walk to the gallery. In especially festive cases, pink flooring reached half a meter in height.According to experts, the rose Falstaff, bred in 1999, is still an unsurpassed unique creation that successfully combines maternal qualities from vintage, Floribunda and hybrid tea roses.
The process of hybridization of each variety takes more than 8 years. In addition, in the nurseries of David Austin, an ironic rule was established: to plant new items in extreme conditions, depriving them of elementary care.This is done in order to find out the natural viability of hybrids. This test has passed and "Falstaff". Four years after its appearance, she received a test certificate from the Australian Adelaide competition.
Did you know? Ancient Roman warriors considered roses a symbol of courage and bravery. Therefore, pink wreaths for a long time replaced the helmets for men. Over time, these flowers began to give only the winners.David himself is very kind to all his works. He called Roza "Falstaff" in honor of his beloved Shakespearean character, who was a faithful companion of King Henry IV. In catalogs, a variety can be represented under its registration name AUSverse.
Variety description
In many reviews about the rose "Falstaff" it is compared with the ideal of vintage flowers, this is evidenced by the photo and description of the hybrid. Its peculiarity consists in large flowers with densely velvet petals of rich dark crimson color with a violet shade, which emit a thick heady aroma.
You will also be interested to learn about varieties such as wrinkled, Canadian, bush, groundcover roses.Outwardly, it is upright, strongly branched, tall bush, whose shoots reach half a meter in height. In diameter, it grows up to 1 meter. The leaves on the prickly branches are bright green with a glossy surface, medium size.
Important! If in the rose garden to fertilize the soil with clay, which froze through in winter, and then weathered well and dried up in hot summer, the flowers will be much brighter.The plant is almost not affected by powdery mildew, black spot, aphids, well rooted and winters. Flowering continues throughout the growing season. According to the rosewood, the second wave is somewhat weaker than the first. Buds are collected in brushes of 4-5 pieces, with the disclosure reach 12 cm in diameter.
Their petals are slightly wrapped to the center. The outer dark edges of the flowers gradually brighten, but a deep tone remains until full flowering. In the garden and in the flowerbed, these bushes look good in any compositions. Pink lash is desirable to tie to the supports or let the wall of the house.How to choose healthy seedlings
Much depends on planting material. Therefore, the choice of seedlings should be approached very carefully and seriously, immediately discarding all the constraints about a lot of uncomfortable questions. On the contrary, it is worth guarding if sellers do not possess information about their product and cannot satisfy your curiosity. When choosing seedlings of English breeding, keep in mind that all specimens root easily, adapt quickly after transplantation and are highly resistant to pests, diseases and cold. In the sale of often bushes svoytnokorenevye and vaccinated.
By viability prevail second. In the nursery they will openly tell you that a two-year-old on his rhizome equals a grafted annual. But in the case of vaccinations, it is important to know exactly what root the variety of interest is grafted on. Indeed, it often happens that we buy roses for cultivation in the open field, and their roots are adapted only to greenhouse conditions.
Important! Cracks and faults at the vaccination site, spots, dried ends of the root processes, darkened areas on the stem and rhizome of the rose bush seedlings indicate poor-quality planting material. It is better to refuse such a purchase.Carefully inspect the roots - they should not have any damage, stains and mold. The ideal seedling has 3 woody sprouts with dormant buds, green young shoots are absent. Because of them, the plant weakens during transplantation, diluting its resources.
Professionals advise making a purchase of roses in April so that they are preserved until planting. In cases of the necessary long-term transportation, the roots of the seedling are packed with a damp cloth and placed in a plastic bag. If the landing is not planned immediately after purchase, the root system must be put into the water. This trick without harming the plant will prolong its viability by 4-5 days.Choosing a place for landing
Before planting a rose of any selection, a series of preparatory work should be carried out. Mainly, they consist in advanced deep plowing and fertilization of the soil. But, first of all, you need to decide on the place of landing.
Your choice should fall on a cozy half-shaded zone where cold air does not accumulate, draft and northern wind do not blow, and thawed snow does not gather in spring. It is important to consider the location of groundwater. Ideally, their distance is about 2 meters. 
English roses in the shade are too drawn out and bloom badly, and in the heat they lose their attractiveness. Therefore, for landing fit the area with good diffused lighting somewhere near the wall of the house or high fence.
And now you can start preparing for planting.
Did you know? In the world in the export of roses leading the Netherlands.
Site preparation
If the rooting of roses you have planned for the autumn period, the soil should be prepared a month before. Well, if planting will occur in the spring, plowing and fertilizing the soil should be dealt with in the fall.
Roses feel comfortable on loams, so in the classical version, after deep plowing, organic matter and clay are embedded in the upper fertile layer of the substrate. 
In complicated cases, when the land is haggard and there are not enough nutrients in it, special agronomic knowledge will be needed to remedy the situation.
For example, in areas depleted in phosphorus organic fertilizers will be very useful. They are mixed with superphosphates and bone meal. Superphosphates are strictly contraindicated for acidic environments. In order to neutralize it, it is recommended to make phosphorus or bone meal, but the result expected from these substances will come only after 3 years.
That is why advance seat preparation is important.
Did you know? 98% of women's skin and hair care products include rose oil.Before planting rose bushes, it is important to determine the type of substrate by touch and add the missing component to it.
The supes are distinguished by friability, good water and air permeability, they quickly heat up, but contain few useful trace elements. In such a land, roses will suffer from a lack of nutrition. The situation can be remedied by preparing a soil mixture of 2 parts of crushed powdered clay, turf soil and 1 part of humus or compost.Loam easily crumble, retain moisture and heat. Spilled lumps do not stick together. This soil passes oxygen well and has enough nutrients. It can be improved by adding 3 parts of river sand and 1 part of sod land, humus and compost.
Clay substrates are very hard, they clump together in heavy lumps, they do not let moisture in well, they dry out for a long time, and after evaporation the water cracks. The only positive moment of such a soil is the mineral substances present in the composition, but it will be uncomfortable for pink roots to break through heavy semi-dry piles. 
The site will need to be diluted with 6 parts of river sand and taken on 1 part of turf, leaf soil, humus, compost.
Important! For fertilizer roses, experts advise rotted horse or cow dung. And also note the double effect of biohumus, which is obtained as a result of the processing of organic matter by earthworms. Today it is the leading dressing for the content of humates.
Seedlings preparation
The bare roots of the acquired rose bushes must first be sanitized.
To do this, in a ten-liter bucket of water dissolve 30 g of copper sulfate or the same portion of "Fundazol". Rhizomes are dipped into the solution for half an hour. 
The next stage of preparation is a thorough preplant inspection - you need to make sure again that the plant has not dried, the roots are fresh, there are no putrid forms and mold on them. Healthy specimens are soaked for some time in a growth stimulator ("Kornevin", "Ecosil").
Important! Before planting, all roses are left in a container with water for 12 hours, then the roots are treated with a clay-dung mixture with the addition of a solution of "Heteroauxin" (1 tablet is enough to dissolve in 10 liters of water).In the absence of such drugs, you can use a natural biostimulant prepared from equal portions of clay and manure tincture. The mixture should turn out to be a consistency of liquid porridge. Saplings are dipped into it for 10 minutes before rooting.
In the future, special attention should be paid to the stems. If among them appeared dry and suspicious, they must be removed immediately. The place of the cut passes under the first kidney. Healthy sprouts are also shortened, leaving no more than 5 buds on healthy bushes, and on strongly weakened trees, all sprouts are completely cut off, leaving 3 mm at the base. A similar procedure is needed and the roots. If they are in a container, simply moisten the soil in the tank. In the case of a bare root system, you will have to stop it to a 30-centimeter length.
Landing rules
Planting roses varieties "Falstaff" is better to engage in the spring, when the earth warms up to 15 degrees. First of all, even if you plan to root a single bush, you will need a well prepared pit. It is dug out of such sizes that to roots was spacious.
For the English selection recommended recess of 70 cm with an identical diameter. The bottom must be properly loosened with a pitchfork, then covered with a layer of drainage. On top of it is poured a 5-centimeter mound of prepared soil mixture, which is prepared depending on the characteristics of the soil on the site (we mentioned this above). 
In the classic version, it is enough to mix compost, clay powder, turf and deciduous soil in equal quantities.
The roots of the bush are dipped into the prepared well, straightened their processes and sprinkled with fresh fertile substrate, regularly tamping it.
Important! If the planting of roses occurs in the fall, you do not need to add organic matter. In this case, you will need to mulch the trunk near a compost or hay.In cases of planting grafted specimens, make sure that the root neck is 5 cm deep. After the manipulations performed, the bush is watered and the soil is re-rammed to fill up the voids formed in the roots.
Then spud friable soft substrate, forming a 15-inch roller. His role is to retain moisture. Over time, when the rose goes to growth, the ground can be leveled. 
When group planting the rose garden, it is important to observe between the bushes 80 cm distance and 1 m between the rows.
Care Tips
Attention should be paid to these delicate fragrant flowers throughout the growing season. But caring for them is not at all difficult if it is based on knowledge of the key rules of cultivation and features of the hybrid. We have compiled a selection of tried-and-true tips on how to care for Falstaff roses.
Did you know? Wild roses are found even at the North Pole.
Preventive spraying
Sympathy for roses are not only people. Unfortunately, the aphid, scythe, mites, caterpillars and other parasitic insects, fungal spores and pathogens also strive to penetrate to pretty buds. 
Hybrid "Falstaff" is characterized by high resistance to such attacks. Therefore, there are no special problems in this aspect even for inexperienced gardeners.
Experts recommend that in the initial phases of bush development, prophylactic sprinkling of the crown with insecticidal agents (Rose Rose, Aktara, Bi-58 New) should be carried out.
These drugs are effective and if necessary, treatment of affected plants. Spraying plan in the evening in dry, windless weather. Re-processing as preventive measures will be needed in the summer when Falstaff finishes the first wave of flowering.
Watering, weeding and loosening
Rose bushes love moderately wet ground. 
Proceeding from this, it is important to ensure that the trunk circles do not dry out. For loose substrates for relief, many establish drip irrigation. If there is no such possibility, with manual wetting, 2 buckets of water will be needed for each adult bush.
Important! Repair roses need to remove faded buds, cutting off 2 pairs of leaves below the flower. This nuance contributes to re-budding.It is poured into the dimples made in the stem wells, and after moistening, they are sealed with a rake.
Sprinkling for roses is not suitable. These plants do not require moisture in the air, but water in the heat on the foliage can form severe burns and lead to the death of young shoots. 
In the rose garden is not allowed the growth of weeds and the drying of the top layer of the earth. And this is not only an aesthetic moment, but to a greater extent the rule of competent cultivation of plants. After all, unnecessary vegetation sucks from the depths of life-giving resources, depriving nutrition of cultivated specimens.
Roses comfortably grow on loose soft substrates, so each moisture should end with weeding, loosening of pristvolnyh sites. And for the retention of moisture, many use mulch from peat, humus and even a mixture of manure, peat and compost.
Mulching is practiced in the spring before bud break.
Top dressing
Immediately after rooting, the rose bushes need fertilizing. Some gardeners are advised to decompose under the bushes rotted manure or humus. 
Manure that has lain for less than 2 years is not suitable for this purpose. It is advisable to repeat this procedure every autumn with an interval of 2-3 years. Under adult plants you need to make up to 6 kg of organic matter. Fertilizers are carried out during the plowing of the soil so that the nutrients can penetrate inside.
Did you know? The oldest rose bush is found in Germany near the walls of the Guildesheim Cathedral. The plant is about a thousand years old, and its branches have already reached the roof of the building.Other flower growers share their experience in using purchased mineral complexes. They are made in accordance with the instructions for use. It is also important to take into account the constituent components and markings on the package - spring or autumn.
For the full development of culture, phosphorus, magnesium, nitrogen and potassium are necessary. Close up these substances need to wet the ground. 
The repairing varieties, including Falstaff, will need 2 supplements throughout the year: the first in the spring, and the second after the first flowering.
Pruning
It is better to form the crown on the rose bushes in spring, since wintering for sheared plants can be destructive. The most appropriate time for this procedure is the last decade of March, all of April and May. Specific periods depend on climatic and weather conditions.
Important! Too early pruning can ruin a bush during spring frosts, as well as late, when the plant needs to spend resources on building up young shoots that will be cut.Competent pruning is the key to strengthening the culture and its abundant budding.
Среди садоводов сложились негласные правила формирования кроны на розах:
- Begin pruning with the removal of damaged and dry sprouts. Then remove all branches growing inside the bush. And only after these procedures are cut down to a strong kidney several healthy shoots.
- All sections should be 2-5 mm above the kidneys. They should be made with a slope directed towards the kidney.
- Secateurs must be sharp, before work it must be disinfected.
- If you did not see fresh wood at the cut, you will need to re-cut off the dead part to live fibers.
- Never allow 2 prongs to remain after pruning. Of them leave the most viable and strong.
- The final shape of the rosebush give when young shoots grow up to 3 cm.
- After shearing, the plants become very sensitive to external factors. Therefore, for the purpose of preventive measures, it is advisable to complete the sprinkling of the crown with a solution of blue vitriol, and if there is a threat of night frost, wrap the bush with plastic wrap.
Preparing for the winter
Autumn care for roses is mainly in the preparatory work for the winter. During this period, loosening of the substrate in the near-stem circles and moisturizing procedures cease.
It will be useful for you to learn more about the preparation of roses for the winter.Just as before, you need to clean the area from weeds. To prevent attacks of pests and fungal diseases, sprinkling of branches with preparations containing copper will be needed.
Did you know? The writers calculated that Shakespeare mentioned roses more than fifty times in his works, but 600 volumes are dedicated to the Queen of Flowers in the library of Confucius.With the onset of cold weather, the soil in rose gardens is covered with a mixture of peat, compost, sawdust and earth. Flooring should be up to 30 cm in height. Especially well to cover the base of sprouts. Some summer residents cover the upper part with spruce pine needles.
Reproduction by cuttings
Roses can be propagated by the seminal method, by dividing the bush and using cuttings. It is grafting is the most common and effective technology.
Learn more about how to grow a rose from cuttings.To do this, in early summer, when the roses bloom, cuttings are harvested. At the same time, it is necessary to cut about 15 cm of the green part of the sprout with a bud. But do not rush to cut unripe buds.
Spines will help you to navigate. In green unsuitable shoots, they are very tight and hard to break off, while in mature ones they are dry and easily fall off. When rooting bud cut off. 
The leaves are removed, leaving only the first top pair. Places where the knife went, you need to handle a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Some rose growers leave the bottom of the cutting for 12 hours in aloe juice.
Then prepare a soil mixture of turf, hardwood, peat and compost. The cutting is deepened into it, watered and the soil is compacted. Top cover glass container to create a greenhouse effect.
Important! Each cutting must have at least 3 buds. The cuts are made with a sharp movement, on the first attempt, at an angle of 45 degrees. The lower edge should be 2 cm below the kidney, and the upper edge 1 cm above the kidney.Other growers germinate rose cuttings with the help of potatoes. For this technology, you need medium root vegetables without twigs. The lower ends of the pink blanks need to stick into the tubers and put them in tight pots with a diameter of 15 cm from an opaque material. The first watering should be done with a barely colored solution of potassium permanganate.
English roses will take root in any soil, they do not require special conditions and a lot of attention. And when the bushes bloom, they make others watch for hours the harmony of beauty and simplicity.
