Many gardeners faced a problem when they were planting a new variety using the old experience, and in the end the crop leaves much to be desired. And this is not a matter of the lunar calendar or planting skills, but of the differences between varieties and, as a rule, of the variability of the weather. Therefore, in this article we will talk about how to plant tomatoes in open ground, discuss the timing of planting varieties of early ripening, and find out whether picking seedlings can affect the yield.
Conditions for growing tomatoes that need tomatoes for a rich harvest
Regardless of the variety, precocity or height of the bush, tomatoes require certain growing conditions, on which the resistance to pests and diseases, as well as the productivity and quality of the fruit depends.
Let's start with the temperature. In order for a tomato to grow well and quickly gain green mass, a temperature in the range of + 16-20 ° C is necessary. For proper development of the fetus requires a temperature of 15 to 35 ° C.
Shine. Lighting has an important role, since its lack leads to stretching and deformation of the above-ground part of the tomato. To achieve good yields, tomatoes should be planted exclusively in open areas that are best illuminated by the sun.
Humidity of air and soil. The scorching sun quickly dries the earth and reduces the humidity of the air. That the plants do not feel "thirst", soil moisture should be between 60-75%, and air humidity - 45-60%. Therefore, it is recommended not only to water the tomatoes at the root, but also to install a sprinkler on the plots.
Tomatoes can be grown using the method Terekhin, Maslov, hydroponics. The important processes in the cultivation is feeding, stading and mulching of tomatoes in the greenhouse.
Feeding. All of the above factors will not help to increase productivity if the soil in the area is infertile. Of course, you can lay out a round sum and bring it to the plot with chernozem, however, the same tomatoes are pulled out of the fertile soil all the years for three or four. Therefore, the best option - feeding.
You need to make complex fertilizers, which contain the lion's share of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. These elements help both at the stage of rapid growth and in the process of fetus formation. If you grow peas in the plot, then after picking the pods, use the above-ground part along with the rhizome to fertilize the plot with the tomatoes. Plants are much better tolerated by green fertilizer than artificial.
Important! In the case of the use of peas in the form of top-dressing, it is necessary to reduce or eliminate nitrogen from fertilizers, since its leaves, stem, and especially the roots contain large amounts of nitrogen.
Do not forget to regularly remove weeds from the site, which not only "take" nutrients from tomatoes, but also attract a variety of pests.
When is it best to plant seedlings of tomatoes in open ground
It is no secret that picking of seedlings of tomatoes, depending on the variety and speed of ripening, is carried out at different times - as required by specificity. And if you have always planted late varieties, then you will have to “get used” more than one year to mid-season and early-season ones. In order to avoid mistakes, find out what time it requires different varieties.
Early tomato varieties
To get started is to find out which varieties are considered early. For early tomatoes are those varieties that begin to bear fruit earlier than 105 days after sowing. That is, you can already get full-fledged (without chemistry and GMO) tomato fruits, which are used both for salads and for preservation or further processing, already in the early summer.
Important! There are super early varieties that mature in less than 85 days. When purchasing seeds of these varieties, you should carefully read the recommendations on the package.When early tomatoes are planted in open ground?
A tomato after sowing on seedlings sprouts in 5-6 days, which means that this period is not added to the total number of days that are indicated on the package. Planted seedlings in open ground need in 45-50 days after germination.
The fact is that, depending on the region, the average daily temperature varies (a temperature of at least 13 ° C is suitable for seedlings), therefore, it does not make sense to specify exact dates, since even in one region the weather can present "surprises".
Therefore, sowing seedlings of early varieties spend so that a week before the intended picks in open ground outside the window was warm, dry weather, and at night the temperature did not fall below 10 ° C.
Important! Do not follow rooted myths that claim that the sooner you plant tomato seedlings in open ground, the sooner the harvest will be. If at night the temperature drops below zero even for an hour, the seedlings will completely freeze.It turns out that you need to plant tomatoes in open ground at a time when the return of frosts is impossible. For the southern regions, this is the period from April 15 to May 1, for medium ones from May 1 to May 15. If you are not 100% sure that the cold snap will not come, then cover the seedlings with film for the night.
Mid-season tomatoes
Now let's talk about when to plant seedlings of mid-ripening tomatoes in open ground. Mid-season varieties of tomatoes yield a crop after 110-115 days after germination. Therefore, they need more time to develop it in the garden.
These varieties of tomatoes in most cases are quite tall, which means they need enough nutrients and sun. It is necessary to transfer seedlings to the soil in 55-60 days after germination. It is for this reason that the pickling of mid-ripened tomatoes is carried out later than the early ripening tomatoes.
Planting seedlings of mid-ripening tomatoes in the ground is carried out in May, from 1 to 15 number. However, such dates are suitable only for the southern regions. If you live in the middle lane, then you should dive the seedlings no earlier than June 1.
Important! The sprouting of seedlings of mid-ripened tomatoes in more northern areas is picked later, so there may be a need to stop the growth of seedlings (water less, lower the temperature, use growth regulators).
Late varieties
Let's talk about when to plant seedlings of late-ripe tomatoes in the open ground.
Late-ripening varieties, like early ripening, are divided into several subcategories: late-ripening and very late. The first yield in 116-120 days after germination, the second will delight you with succulent fruits no earlier than 121 days. It is necessary to transfer seedlings to open ground 70 days after the first shoots, as these varieties take a long time to gain green mass.
Important! Cultivation of late ripening and very late varieties is suitable for the southern regions, since in the northern climate the number of “warm days” is not enough to fully ripen the crop.
Planting of late-ripened tomatoes in the ground by seedlings can be carried out based on the statistical data that is described in the table below. Analyzing the table, we can conclude that if you, for example, want to grow a very late variety "Giraffe", which begins to bear fruit 140-160 days after the first shoots, then you need to live in the latitudes that correspond to paragraph 3 and 4.
Subtracting 70 days, during which the seedlings will grow in the greenhouse, the same number remains, and it is simply impossible to guess the exact beginning of the term "warm" and its end. It is for this reason that growing late tomatoes in the northern latitudes is simply not profitable.
Thus, the time of planting late-ripening tomatoes in open ground can not guess, and calculate, referring to the statistics. It can also be used for other varieties, however, it is still the most useful for later ones, since we still have a small “corridor” for recruitment of green mass, aging and collection of finished products.
Having decided to grow tomatoes on your plot, get acquainted with the varieties: Raspberry Miracle, Katya, Maryina Roshcha, Pertsevidny, Honey Drop, Dubrava, Black Prince, De Barao, Bullish Heart, Lyana, Budenovka, Shuttle, Pink Honey, Novice, Batanya, Crimson Giant .
Tomato picking features
Having learned about the timeframe for picking various varieties, we will talk about how and how the seedlings of tomatoes of different maturity are planted in open ground.
The landing is best done on a cloudy day, if it's sunny outside - wait for the evening. During the night the plant will get stronger and calmly transfer the scorching rays of the sun the next day.
Did you know? For the first time tomatoes appeared in Europe in the middle of the 16th century.
The planting pattern depends on the type of tomato, its height and irrigation system. Anyway, plant the plants so that they do not interfere with each other:
- Low-growing varieties of tomatoes are better planted according to the scheme 50 × 50 cm.
- Sredneroslye varieties of tomatoes are better planted 70 × 60 cm.
- Late-ripening varieties of tomatoes are planted according to the scheme 70 × 70 cm.
Before planting seedlings need to be watered abundantly. This will help you remove the tomatoes from the pots without damaging the roots.
The holes for planting a tomato should be the depth of the spade bayonet. Before planting fill them with water to the top and wait until the moisture is absorbed into the ground.
Once the wells are ready, seedlings can be pulled out of the pots and vertically deepened into the ground.
Important! Do not break the earth com. This can lead to the death of the root system.Now you need to sprinkle the roots with soil. Then scatter a little bit of compost around the stem and re-fill the hole with soil, tamping it down.
Each plant after planting need to moisten with 1 liter of water.
Be sure to install near each bush pegs. They will be useful later in the garter.
Pegs are set up to 45 cm high near the undersized, and 75 cm for medium ones.
After transplantation, seedlings should be covered with a transparent film to protect it from drafts and precipitation. Shelter is removed only when there is good warm weather outside, and seedlings will take root in a new place and take root. Rooted seedlings up to 10 days, all this time you can not water the tomatoes. After 10 days the first watering is carried out.
Did you know? The largest tomato weighed 2.9 kg and was grown in Wisconsin, USA.Hopefully, from this article you were able to find out when and how to plant tomatoes and how many days after sowing it is worth picking into open ground.
