Living in a private house has its advantages, but also requires additional work. One of them is to ensure the normal operation of the autonomous sewage system. In order for you not to have unpleasant situations, you need regularly carry out sewage pumping. Consider what modern equipment exists for such work and how to choose it correctly.
The essence of the sewage pumping process
With an autonomous sewage system, dirty water flows into a cesspool or septic tank. The volume of the pit or septic tank over time filled with sewage and must be pumped out. Otherwise, there will be an overflow of the pit, which will be accompanied by an unpleasant smell and may cause unfit whole sewer system. 
You can pump out the contents of the septic tank with the help of special equipment, by yourself or by contacting specialists. There is a wide choice of pumps for pumping sewage, let's get acquainted with their main characteristics.
Did you know? In the Japanese city of Suva, gold is mined from a dry sewage sediment. Its concentration in waste is 50 times greater than in gold mines with traditional mining. The fact is that the city produces a lot of electronics, which contains precious metal.
Pumping equipment
There are two main types of pumps: fecal and drainage.
Drainage pumps Suitable for pumping dirty water from a washing machine or dishwasher. Such pumps pump out dirty water with low solids content. 
Fecal pumps differ in diameter of the flow channels and can cope with dirty water along with faeces and other solid particles in large quantities. Some models are equipped with special grinders that crush solid particles of household waste. 
Pump classification by installation method
According to the method of installation and the type of system, there are submersible, surface and semi-submersible pumps.
Submersible
Submersible work at full immersion in wastewater. They are made of a material that can withstand corrosion and corrosive environments, the case is reliably insulated. Each model has its own maximum immersion depth, type of construction (horizontal, vertical). The pump is fixed once at the bottom of the pit with an angle tap and guides.
Work management is performed using the remote control. 
The advantages of this design:
- no cooling system needed;
- can work in the winter;
- minimum noise at work;
- works at great depths.
- complex installation and configuration;
- increased requirements for electrical safety, anti-corrosion and insulation characteristics of the housing.
Surface (outdoor)
Surface systems are located above the sewer well, and suction hoses are lowered under the water. By design, they have no shredders, they can not be used for pumping highly polluted water with large particles.
Benefits:
- easy installation;
- mobility.
- high noise level during operation;
- dependence on weather conditions (the pump does not work at a negative temperature);
- quickly overheats (no cooling system);
- poor performance and short uptime.
For watering plants in the garden, use a pump station to give.
Semi-submersible
Semisubmersible vehicles are not fully immersed in drains, the engine is above the water surface. On the surface they are fixed with the help of a float. In such models, shredders are not provided.
Benefits:
- easy installation;
- mobility;
- high performance.
Disadvantages:
- water entering the engine disrupts the pump;
- weather dependency.
Did you know? In 1516, Leonardo da Vinci for the King of France Francis I invented the toilet with a sink. But the invention was not realized due to the lack of water supply and sewage systems.
Main types of faecal pumps
Fecal pumps can pump dirty, viscous fluid. with particulate matter up to 5-8 cm. They can be used not only for pumping sewage, water from the basement, but also for circulating water in large tanks, and for irrigating land.
Compact models can be installed in the house, close to the toilet, sink or shower. These systems of forced sewage are used if it is impossible to provide the necessary angle of inclination for the operation of the gravity sewer system. Units pump over drains to a hole or a septic tank. 
Depending on the design, principle of operation and purpose, there is several types of units: with and without shredders, for working with cold and hot drains.
The pump is also included in the design of the waterfall, milking machine, hydroponics, drip irrigation system, heating system for greenhouses, fountain, timer for irrigation in the garden and hose for irrigation and ensures their proper and efficient operation.
Grinder Pumps
Fecal systems with a grinder are equipped with a special device that crushes solid objects in the waste liquid. 
To work with cold wastewater
The body of the system is made of high-quality and durable materials. In a compact container placed shredder and fecal pump. The system can be installed in the house, close to the toilet, sink, shower or sink. The grinder grinds solid waste to a homogeneous mass, and the pump pumps it in the right direction. The check valve prevents drains from returning; special filters prevent unpleasant odors from entering the room. The system plugs into a standard 220V outlet.
Important! The temperature of the effluent must not exceed +40 °C, otherwise the system will fail.
For work with hot sewage
For working with hot wastewater, special systems are used that can work at a temperature of drains up to +95 ° C. The module for grinding solid waste allows you to connect the unit to the dishwasher and washing machine, sink, shower, toilet.
Powerful knives of a grinder perfectly cope with firm particles. The pump pumps sewage down the drain.
Such an installation costs more, than similar to work with cold drains. 
Pumps without chopper
Pumps without a chopper work with cold and hot drains and are used to pump cold and hot liquids without large solids.
To work with cold wastewater
Installation for work with cold wastewater is very compact and does not require a lot of space. It can be connected to sinks and showers. It has a low price, but the temperature of the effluent should not exceed +40 ° C. It can pump out dirty liquid without large, solid particles in the vertical direction up to 5 m and in the horizontal one up to 100 m. 
For work with hot sewage
Installations for working with hot wastewater without a shredder are used for pumping sewage from the bath, dishwasher and washing machine, washing. The system is very compact, powerful pump perfectly pumps out the hot dirty liquids, the permissible temperature is +90 ° C. The pump will help to establish the sewage system, if there is no necessary tilt. 
Selection rules
When choosing a pump installation It is necessary to consider the main characteristics:
- conditions of use, type of installation, temperature of drains;
- performance, volume of waste, depth of immersion;
- engine cooling;
- case material;
- the diameter of the inlet, the presence of a grinder;
- control method;
- self-cleaning impeller shredder.
It is necessary to choose the capacity in accordance with the volume of the septic tank or sewer pit and the degree of fullness. Special attention should be paid to the maximum immersion depth at which the pump operates normally.
It is necessary to find out how the engine is cooled and to check the corrosion resistance of the case material.
The presence of the shredder, the diameter of the inlet and the temperature of the effluent are one of the main selection criteria optimal model, it depends on them how much polluted drains and what temperature can be pumped out. 
The most convenient method of control with a remote control. The presence of the self-cleaning function of the chopper mechanism is an advantage when choosing a model, but the cost will be higher.
Terms of use
For effective operation of the pumping system, it is necessary to correctly calculate the required power, not to overload the pump, but also Do not use in "dry". Of great importance are the diameter and slope of sewer pipes, as well as the proper design of the septic tank.
It is necessary to monitor the contents of the septic tanks so that large and solid objects, acids, do not fall into the sewage system. 
When using surface and float aggregates, it is necessary provide good electrical insulation to prevent moisture from entering the engine. And also make sure that it does not overheat, and do not use at negative air temperatures.
Submersible pumps must be properly installed and secured at the bottom of the pit.
Systems of forced sewage installed in the house near the kitchen sinks, it is necessary periodically clean the fat. 
If you do not have a water supply from the central water supply channel, learn how to choose and how to organize watering with a pump for watering from the barrel.
Preventive maintenance measures
It is important to adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations for operating the equipment. With proper use, the system will last for many years.
It is recommended that at least once a year it is recommended to check that the cable is in good condition, the condition of the housing, how far from the bottom of the pit the suction device is, in order to prevent capture of large and solid objects, stones.
Preventive cleaning of the system will significantly prolong the service life and prevent damage. 
Independent installation of the factory unit
Installation of the factory unit can be made on their own you only need to adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations.
Submersible
Pumping equipment is installed almost to the bottom of the sewer. It is necessary to leave a small gap in order to prevent solid objects from the bottom of the well from being sucked into the intake opening. For this purpose there are metal supports on the case, or a construction with guides is used, the pump can also be hung with a strong cable. 
It is better to make a branch pipe of plastic pipes with a diameter of 6-7 cm, which can be disassembled if necessary. Flexible hoses are not recommended due to the possibility of clogging. Branch pipe should be well insulated.
Be sure to install a check valve to avoid returning sewage.
The connection to the electrical network must be made through a switchboard, earthing, automatic devices against short circuit and current leakage are obligatory. To ensure smooth operation in the event of a power outage install a diesel generator. 
Surface
At installation of the superficial pump it is necessary to consider that for each model there is its own maximum height of raising of liquid. If the system is not used continuously, you can place the pump on the edge of the sewer pit or on the site not far away. The main thing is to protect the engine from moisture. Surface pumps are poorly insulated, and even the slightest amount of precipitation can cause a short circuit and damage the housing, and the housing can be damaged by corrosion.
If year-round use is planned, the pump must be placed in a special room or use a caisson. The installation of a check valve and electrical connection are the same as when installing a submersible. 
Semi submersible
You can install a semi-submersible pump on a special platform near the sewer pit, on a floating cushion, or fix it to one of the pit walls. The immersion depth of the pump part depends on the length of the working hose; the engine must be above the surface of the fluid. Used by special float which keeps the engine above water.
Power supply should be made through an electrical panel with protection, grounding and switching off switches.
Important! The diameter of solids in the effluent should not exceed 1.5 cm, since the semi-submersible pump does not have a grinding system, and the diameter of the flow channels is small.
The first start of the pump for pumping sewage
For the first start of the system, it is necessary to fill the sewer well with water. to the minimum acceptable level for this model. Then increase the level to trigger the float switch and start the system. At this stage, you can adjust the level at which the circuit breaker will turn off the engine.
Modern equipment for pumping sewage can Significantly improve and make life more comfortable. owners of private houses and cottages. It is necessary to choose the best option, depending on individual needs. With the right choice of model, installation and operation, the equipment will last for many years, solving the important issue of the sewer system.
