Cherry Kharitonovskaya
Cherry is a unique and healthy fruit. There are extremely many varieties of cherries, but one of the most popular ones is Kharitonovskaya cherry. She was bred by crossing two varieties of Diamond and Zhukovsky.
Cheryonovskaya Cherry, in terms of fruit ripening, refers to mid-ripening trees. It tolerates frosts. The main properties of cherries include moderate growth, stable yield, resistance to various pests and diseases, including such diseases as coccomycosis.
Description:
Fruit
Berries Cherries grow quite considerable fruits, have a round shape. The height of the fruit is average, it is equal to 18 mm, its transverse length reaches 16 mm, and the weight of one berry can be 5.0 g. The cherry berries are rounded at the top, with a shallow funnel and a medium hole, there is a small depression at the base. The stone is quite easily separated from the pulp.
Cherry color - dark red, there is a bit of subcutaneous points, but they are almost invisible. From other varieties of cherries, "Kharitonovskaya" differs in not very thick skin. Insanely tasty and tender pulp, having an orange color. The juice obtained from it is light red in color. Cherry fruits include sugar, acids (including ascorbic acid).
Cherries belong to transportable berries, because even after a long carriage it retains its shape.
Variety Kharitonovskaya characterized by an average length and thickness of the stem, it is easily separated from the branch, but attached to the bone firmly. Cheryonovskaya Cherry is a self-fertile variety.
Tree
Kharitonovskaya cherry trees are of medium size, their height is about 2.5 meters. The shape of the crown of the cherry is widely rounded, sprawling, with medium leafiness. The leaf plate is flat, the base is rounded, and the top gradually becomes pointed, there is no omission, with a large serrate edge of the cherry leaf. The color of the leaves is dark green, the leaves are smooth and large to the touch.
Cherry has pointed buds, conical, reddish-brown in color, grow near shoots. In Kharitonov's cherry petiole is slightly thick and of medium length. Cherry flowers are large, white. Fruiting begins on the growth of the past year.
Disadvantages, advantages of cherries:
The advantages of the variety include moderate growth, stable yields, high-quality fruits and the versatility of their purpose, increased resistance to cocomycosis. The disadvantage of the Kharitonovskaya cherry variety is considered a rather large bone, but this is not so significant.
Landing features
Cherry is not a very capricious tree, but with proper planting and preparation of the soil, it can bring good yields.
For protection from rodents, in the winter, and from frost, fir fir branches are used, which are placed on the tree crown.
Saplings varieties of cherry "Kharitonovskaya" planted to plant in the autumn season, preferably before the start of frost. This is best done in mid-October. Seedlings can be planted in early spring, as soon as the snow melts, and the ground begins to dry and thaw a little. But, you should have time to plant the cherries before the other trees begin to swell buds.
It is better to leave the Kharitonova cherry seedlings, which were bought in late autumn, until spring. They are instilled in a trench, the depth of which is equal to 30-35 cm, they are arranged in crowns to the south at an angle of 30-45 °. The root system of the tree is tightly rammed and watered.
Landing seedlings begins with choosing a place where the tree will grow. Perfect sublime place, with good solar lighting. But cherry can also be planted near the fence or other economic structures, it is important to choose the southern part of the land.
It is best to plant Kharitonovskaya cherry on the soil, where the groundwater level is at least 1.5 meters from the top layer of soil. On those areas where the water is very close, make the hills, whose height is about one meter.
Ideal for landing Cherries are considered to be a sandy soil with a neutral reaction. Land on the plot, before planting seedlings, must be prepared, i.e., its quality should be improved. The first thing you do is dig the plot. When digging, organic, potash and phosphate fertilizers are applied (in the ratio of 1 sq. M. 15 kg: 100 grams: 100 grams).
In soil with high acidity, it is necessary to make liming.
Saplings of Kharitonovskaya cherry variety is better to choose 1-2 year olds that are grafted with a handle. Before planting a tree, it is necessary to inspect its root system, damaged roots are removed, leaving only healthy ones. Dried roots, before landing in the ground, it is recommended to put in the water for 3-4 hours.
Landing pits begin to dig in advance, two weeks before the planned date of planting seedlings. The width of the pit is 60-80 cm, the depth of the pit is 50-60 cm. When digging a hole, the fertile layer of the earth is removed and thrown out in one direction, and the lower - in the opposite direction. In the center of the landing pit hammer stake, a length of 1.2 meters.
In addition to soil, it is necessary to fertilize and dig a hole. To improve the quality of the soil, especially on poor soils, several buckets of humus (manure or compost), superphosphate in granules (300 grams), potassium sulfate (120 grams) and wood ash (1000 grams) are poured into a hole. It is impossible to add mineral fertilizers and lime to planting pits.
And now you can start planting cherry seedlings.
In a formed hillock, its height is about 50 cm, they put a tree and straighten the root system. The pit and roots are covered with earth between the rows, trampling it heavily. Then, you need to make a hole around the planted cherry and water the seedlings. The irrigation rate is 2-3 buckets of water per tree. Then the ground is loosened.
Cherry seedlings Kharitonovskaya need to be planted at such a depth that after watering the root collar remains at ground level.
Peculiarities of care
After landing Kharitonovskaya cherries need to constantly loosen the soil, water the tree, cut off unnecessary shoots, protect from pests, remove weeds.
The main rule of a good harvest of cherries is the presence of "good neighbors", that is, the right plants should be planted around it. Jasmine, rose, strawberry, raspberry bushes, gladioli, grapes and barberries have a positive effect on cherries. It is not recommended to plant an apple tree, daffodils, coniferous trees, pansies, irises, carrots, lilies next to young cherry trees.
Autumn care It consists of digging the land, fertilizing and preparing for the winter. It is necessary to form a comprehensive protection of the root system and the tree trunk.
It is also interesting to read about the proper care and planting cherries.
The simplest solution is to shelter with snow; mulch is poured on the resulting snowdrift; it can be sawdust or straw. To protect the plant from rodents make a special solution - a mixture of clay, mullein, iron sulfate, than further and sprayed the trees.
The soil, with the onset of autumn, fertilized with phosphate fertilizers, and fertilizer, which includes potassium. Organic fertilizer is also applied, it is sawdust, compost, bird droppings or manure.
Spring care for Kharitonovskaya cherry can be divided into several stages:
• Pruning begins with the removal of all dried branches, and those that have been damaged by pests. To form the crown of a tree, it is necessary to cut those branches that grow too high. After all, it is easier to pick berries on a low tree than on one that is higher. In addition to the branches, they remove the dried bark of the tree.
• Whitewashing the barrel of cherry. Before the whitewash, the branches are cut with copper sulfate, then they are painted. Whitewashing a tree is needed to protect the trunk of a cherry from garden insects. Well, of course, an aesthetic view of the garden, whitewashed trees look beautiful. Bleached fruit trees with slaked lime.
• To clean the dry grass and leaves around the tree, as well as digging the ground, you need to be very careful not to damage the cherry roots, which are located almost under the top. The digging procedure has a beneficial effect on the friability of the earth, increasing the access of oxygen to the ground. Also digging up the soil in the fall.
• Spring fertilization affects the yield of cherries, it adds strength to the tree and makes it possible to grow quickly. Top dressing is carried out several times. As soon as the cherry begins to bloom, manure is introduced, which is mixed with ash, and this mixture is diluted with six buckets of water. After two weeks, the procedure is repeated. Gardeners are advised to make fertilizers, which include nitrogen.
• Disposal of Kharitonovskaya pest cultivars. Moniliosis and coccomycosis are considered the most dangerous pests. For their destruction sprayed trees. It is best to spray Bordeaux mixture and azofos, the main thing is to have time to spray the cherry before the first flowers appear.
Kharitonovskaya cherry is watered several times a year. The first watering occurs in mid-July. The next time they water the fruit tree about a month later. The third time should be to water the tree in early autumn, as you need to catch before the start of frost.
